Does Technology Make People Feel More Alone When We Are

In today’s 21st century, everyone is constantly connected to technology, whether it’s with phones, computers, or video games. So why does technology make people feel more alone when we are actually more connected than ever? There is no denying the benefits society has gained from technological advancements. Technology can keep you up to date with the world and also advance your knowledge. For example with the news. If someone does not know what is happening with other countries or wants to learn more on politics, they can simply research the subject to gain an understanding about it. Regarding college students, tech helps them further their career, they can go online and the information they find can guide them. Although society has technology at the tip of their fingers, the overall impact to our social, mental, and physical health is damaging. This paper will discuss the negative effects of technology, as well as what society can do to help prevent those effects. Ther e are many ways that technology can be beneficial, but what people do not understand is the difference between staying connected and becoming victims of a poor lifestyle. Technology should not only be controlled, but highly discouraged because it encourages an unhealthy lifestyle, can lead to emotional disconnection, as well as serious mental health issues. It is important to be aware of the harmful aspects of the overuse of electronics. The overuse of technology leaves people feeling more aloneShow MoreRelatedDoes Technology Make You Lonely?1439 Words   |  6 PagesCook English 101: Argumentation 16 November 2015 Alone with technology In the past years the loneliness among people has increase due to the new technology. A person feel alone no matter how many people are around them because they don’t look up from their phones. In todays world families eat in front of a television without talking instead of seating around the table they don’t talk because they don’t want to distract each other. People use technology to play games and to see videos instead of usingRead MoreThe Importance Of Communication794 Words   |  4 PagesHow does technology really affect how alone we feel? Technology includes all keys to ensure we are occupied and never lonely. â€Å"Technology has provided us with even more creative ways to occupy our time† (L. DeLeo). These are continuous occupiers, such as; apps, articles, news, etc. Which help people all around the world to keep in touch with everyone and everything. Technology is good for us, as it entertains us in endless ways, provides communication towards peers/relationships over long distancesRead MoreTechnologically Advanced And Emotionally Attached1230 Words   |  5 Pagesher TED Talk presentation, â€Å"Connected but alone?† speaker Sherry Turkle talks to her audience about the issues behind technology in our daily lives. In her presentation, Turkle brings together a few personal stories that support her reasoning behind certain ideologies. After years and years of studies, Turkle has found that our small handheld devices such as phones, tablets and laptops have had a major impact on the way we socialize with others. Technology has advanced and with that humankind mustRead MoreDoes Technology Make Us More Alone?1211 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Technology Make Us More Alone? Twitter, 995 followers. Instagram, 974 followers. Facebook, 551 friends. Snapchat, 329 friends. What do these numbers mean? Popularity? Beauty? Intelligence? These numbers mean nothing. All these ‘followers’ and ‘friends’ I have really aren’t my friends, they are just people I met once or twice, someone I went to school with, or someone I don’t even know. So why do we sit on social media and scroll for hours at a time? Is it because were bored? AloneRead MoreEssay on Are Teens too Dependent on Technology?1632 Words   |  7 Pageswithout the smart phone begging for attention. Does this sound familiar? We, especially teenagers, are familiar with this kind of situation. It is a huge distraction that interrupts everything we do. If so, why does not she just turn her phone off? Why cannot she stop herself from focusing on it? Technology has a significant part in social and educational life of teens and it makes parents and experts think how teenagers become that addicted to technology today. The change in the social life of childrenRead MoreEssay about Summary of Flight from the Conversation1032 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluation for â€Å"the Flight from Conversation† Time flows; things change. The development of technology enables people to both access the world and people more rapidly. We immediately know the news that happen all over the world because of the Internet; we make friends with people thousands miles away through social networks; and we can have artificial intelligence or applications like SimSimi to accompany us when we are lonely. With time, these connections can start to replace real face-to-face conversationRead MoreAnalysis Of Connected But Alone By Sherry Turkle1155 Words   |  5 PagesConnected, but Alone? Ted talk, Sherry Turkle argues that technology is a major influence on our social interaction during this time era. The technological world brings us together, but also separates us from this present reality. In Turkles speech she explains that when people should interact socially face to face instead they turn to their phones and do not give their full attention to the others who are in the room or environment at that tim e. Friends, coworkers, and family members feel neglectedRead MoreEssay On Technology And Technology779 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Technology Actually Make Us Feel More Alone? When I think about the question of technology and the ability it has to make us feel â€Å"alone†, I think about myself, my family and my friends. As a millennial, I have grown up in such a technologically advanced world that it is becoming more and more of a second nature that children at young ages of 10 and 12 are receiving their first cellphone. While time progresses and the need for technology rises, our society as a whole is slowly startingRead MoreTechnology Crosses the Line1386 Words   |  6 PagesSex dolls are manmade human figures that serve the purpose of making their owner feel pleasured. Sex dolls are very successful because they provide men or women with the opportunity to feel pleasure whenever they want. This idea is very appealing because the doll submits to the owners wants which is what makes people feel the happiest and the most in control. The owners of these dolls choose to be lonely so they can spend quality time with their inanimate companions; b y doing that, they are crossingRead MoreSherry Turkle s Alone Together Reflection1085 Words   |  5 PagesSherry Turkle’s Alone Together Reflection: Sherry Turkle is a professor of the social studies of science and technology at MIT with a joint doctorate in sociology and personality psychology. It is a safe assumption to say that Sherry Turkle knows what she is talking about. In fact, her book Alone Together and her video talk through the Family Action Network is evidence of that. The book and the talk generally convey the same message that technology, primarily phones, limits human empathy and

Criminal Law, Questions and Answers - 1284 Words

1 Introduction Restorative justice as a whole is not gaining support in South Africa as the majority of our country is in favour of the punitive system in order to combat the high levels of crime. However, there are several areas of criminal law that has received increasing support for restorative justice as opposed to our current system, such as when dealing with youth offenders. Despite the harsh criticism of restorative justice, it has received judicial recognition in a number of cases recently. 2 Punishment Punishment is one of the most important features of the criminal process. Regardless of which punishment theory is being used, one must always consider the following triad: 1. the seriousness of the crime, 2. the interests of society, and 3. the accused’s personal circumstances. It is also crucial to take the outrage of the public into account. Punishments should not only deter the individual from re-offending but should also deter like-minded people from committing the same offence. Sentences should always be humane and balanced. It is always imperative that the degree of punishment is in proportion to the crime that has been committed. 3 Absolute Theory The concept of the absolute theory is that the offender has a debt that (s)he has to pay towards society and punishment settles that debt. By being punished, the two scales of justice are balanced once again. According to this theory, punishment should express the community’s disapproval and revulsion of theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Your Career Choice?1643 Words   |  7 Pages#1 - Question: What is your career choice? #1 - Answer: My set goal for the future is to become a District Attorney. Although, I am certainly considering working as a judge later on in my career. #2 - Question: Why have you chosen this particular area? #2 - Answer: I chose this career because it is my passion. I want to help people that cannot help themselves. I want to speak for the voiceless and do everything in my power to bring justice to victims and their loved ones. My personal life andRead MoreTheories Of Law And Justice761 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of law and justice answers the questions on how/ why in society a person behavior could be seen or handle as a criminal (Akers Sellers, 2009). Also the theory helps explain why a certain behavior is consider illegal and what punishment needs to be taken for that behavior/conduct. To answer these questions, the theory looks at the variables which are social, economic, and economic which has it affects on law and justice (Akers Sellers, 2009). For theories of crime and criminal behavior itRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages31: Constitutional, Contract, Criminal, Evidence, Property and Tort Law 32: List and explain Nash’s, Drucker’s, Buffet’s, Blanchards and Peale’s comprehensive approach for resolving ethical dilemma Drucker: â€Å"Above all do no harm.† Intentionally making decisions that will not do harm will encourage ethical decision-making. Buffet: front-page-of-the-paper test, it supports critical thinking to envision how the decision may look on the front page of a paper before making the final decision. Read MoreCase Analysis : Liberty University Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 5, 2016 Liberty University Abstract: When a law enforcement officer or other public employee is accused of potentially criminal conduct, they may face three different kinds of interviews or interrogations. If an officer is interviewed as a criminal suspect, they have the absolute right to decline to answer any questions, or to insist that they have a lawyer of their choosing to attend the interview. The first is type is during a criminal investigation; the second is during a disciplinary investigationRead MoreWhy Is Discrimination Within The United States Criminal Justice System1539 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is discrimination present in the United States criminal justice system? How is the system setup for people of color to fail? This social problem is interesting for many reasons. Many people believe that racism is still a key factor in today’s society. The justice system, which should stand for equality and peace, in reality does spread the public’s beliefs of racism and an unfair justice system. 74.0% of blacks do not agree that the justice system treats people fairly and equally(Hurwitz andRead MoreDo Law Enforcements Practice Racial Profiling983 Words   |  4 PagesDo Law Enforcements practice Racial Profiling in Street-Level Crime in the country? This inquiry persists to be the main deliberation by the experts, and it is the question that convoys the research. In â€Å"The Reality of Racial Profiling†, The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights shows absolute statistical report evidences from Department of Labor’s Bureau of Justice that proves the existence of Racial Profiling on the country’s highways. The year 2005 data resulted that Black and HispanicRead MoreMr. Smith And His Burglary Charges1143 Words   |  5 Pagesnot find evidence to convict the head mob bosses without giving immunity to a known killer. I understand witness-giving testimony for immunity, but not in this case. Murder is a felony and I believe he would have been convicted to the extant of the law. This is not the case to use for evidence against the mob bosses. Yes, he is high figure in the organization, but there are many other ways of going after the mob bosses without giving Jimmy immunity. Couldn’t Jimmy be used to gain more informationRead MoreThe Privilege Against Self Incrimination1591 Words   |  7 Pagesunder the commo n law initially. The common law rule was initially described as a rule that bounds no one to answer any question if it might expose him to any criminal charge or penalty in England and Wales. The history of the privilege against self-incrimination is one filled with contention and complication. Mclnerney divided PSI into three distinct sub-rights that are rather concise and well explained. First, the privilege against self-incrimination afforded to witnesses in criminal, civil or non-judicialRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment And The United States Constitution Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesheld to answer for a capital, or other wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, execpt in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shallRead MoreIs the Death Penalty an Effective Deterrent?1677 Words   |  7 Pages223 Forensic Psychology I Research Question: Is the Death Penalty an Effective Deterrent? Honeyman, J. C., Ogloff, J. P. (1996). Capital punishment: Arguments for life and death. Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 28(1), 27-35. The main purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of the death penalty and the justification for the punishment. A key question the authors looked to answer was whether or not the participants

Isaac Newton Essay Thesis Example For Students

Isaac Newton Essay Thesis Isaac Newton was born on Christmas day in 1642, in Lincolnshire, England. Newton attended Trinity College in 1661 and had both his Bachelor of Arts and his Master of Arts by 1669. That same year he became the associate of the French Academy of Sciences. He was elected to Parliament, then appointed a warden, and finally, President of the Royal Society. Newton was a Master of Science and mathematics. He discovered calculus, before Leibniz became popular. Perhaps Newtons most popular discovery, though, was gravity. As the story goes, Sir Isaac Newton was resting under a tree one day in his garden, when an apple fell from it and hit him on the head. Thus, he discovered gravity. The earths gravitational pull pulls objects toward it. However, many people believe that this is only a myth created to simply illustrate Newtons discovery. Along with Newtons many discoveries, the three laws of motion are famous. These include inertia, acceleration, and the idea that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Inertia is the idea that a body in motion will remain in motion, and a body at rest will remain at rest. For example, if I were to throw a baseball into the air, it would keep going until gravity pulled it back down to earth. However, if I left it sitting on a table, it would lie there until some kind of force were to move it. If I were to push a skateboard across the floor with all of my might, the skateboard would accelerate more than if I gave it a light shove, simply because there was more force behind it. More force = more acceleration. If I were sitting on a swing and someone were to grab hold of the swing, pull it backwards, and release, I would move forward in the opposite direction. This demonstrates the idea that, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

A compare and contrast essay on blues and gospel music Example For Students

A compare and contrast essay on blues and gospel music Have you ever gone out on Saturday night to hear someone sing the blues? Have you ever gone to a Baptist church the next morning and heard a Joyful gospel song? You may think the two musical expressions have nothing in common, but if you listen closely and study their histories, you will find some surprising similarities. When you first hear gospel music and the blues, you cant help noticing how different they are in mood and in the stories they tell. Blues songs are sad, full of heartbreak and disappointment. They talk about everyday problems like losing a Job or a relined, like having no money or no friends. Gospel songs, on the other hand, are the happiest songs youll ever hear, full of Joy and hope. Unlike the blues, gospel songs tell about the power of faith in tunes so catchy, they make you want to get up and dance. Both kinds of music, however, have African roots and similar African musical forms. For example, blues is known fir its blue or bent notes notes that exist somewhere in between the formal notes and the do-re-me scale. Gospel music also has bent notes. The other characteristic of African music they both have is the congregation answers. In the same way, a blues singer intones a line, and an instrument echoes or answers him or her. Both, blues and gospel music help create what we know as rock music today. In the sasss black musicians in the South and northern cities like Chicago, where black Americans had migrated in large numbers, started playing a new type of blues that was faster and a heavier beat. The style was rhythm and blues. Later, black artists like Ray Charles and James Brown added gospel harmonies and piano riffs to the rhythm-and-blues mix. This new sound found a wider and wider audience and came o be called rock and roll. So you see, even though gospel and blues songs have different moods and tell different kinds of stories, their roots and musical characteristics are very similar. Both have had a big a big influence on todays pop music. They are like two different sides of the same coin.

Flaws In Germinal Essays - Labour Relations, Germinal, Strike Action

Flaws In Germinal The Flaws in Germinal At first glance, one might say the capitalist system is righteous and it leads to more productivity, but upon discreet examination, the system has numerous flaws. As we discussed in class, one of the main flaws was the inability of the workers to advance themselves in society beyond the point of keeping food in their stomachs. One generation after another follow each other down below into the mines without cessation. First and foremost the company needs to insure that all members of the mine town have enough to eat, enough to wear, and a roof over their head. The company can possibly provide clothing and food through a ration-based system that guarantees the people will not die of starvation or frostbite. These are necessities that the company should provide even if they are in debt. The workers should also receive a salary based on performance and profits of the company. This spending money can be used for amenities or the worker can save it if he or she one day desires to move away and attempt to start a better life somewhere else. The root of the problem lies with the education the residents of the mine town receive. Children as young as seven or eight are being sent down to work in the mines when they should be starting school. If families are unable to pay for schooling a type of indentured worker system might work out where children can attend school for free if they agree to provide the company with a year(s) work when they become of age to work. That also brings up the issue of child labor. Children should not work until at least 16 and even then they should not be responsible for dangerous and important jobs such as securing the limbering. Another important issue concerns the rights of the workers. Workers unions should be set up and all should join to make sure that the company does not use and abuse the workers. Unions should unite all workers with the same profession across the region. A strike when carried out effectively will cripple the company and force them to pay higher wages. The strike in Germinal was ineffective because only workers from one mine out of the several the company had were on strike and even in the one mine, many still went to work. Also, in Germinal, the company shows no concern whatsoever for the health and safety of its own workers. Conditions in the mine are horrendous beyond belief. Doctors hired by the company hide the truth from the workers. Unions should protect and unite the workers. Government Essays

The Maltese Falcoln essays

The Maltese Falcoln essays The Maltese Falcon starts out with Sam Spade, a private detective in San Francisco in the late nineteen twenties, sitting at his desk in his office when a Miss Wonderly came in. She said she was from New York looking for her sister who possibly got kid napped and who is probably in the San Francisco area. Miss Wonderly said she met a man named Thursby at a parcel office who suppostedly had her sister. While Miss Wonderly was telling the story, Spades partner Miles Archer came in. Miss Wonderly said she had a meeting the man that night and that she wanted one of them to tail him afterwards to fine her sister. Spade asked if she could describe the man, and she did, a little too well Spade thought. Miss Wonderly offered two hundred dollars for the job and Archer quickly grabbed a hundred and said he would do it. After Miss Wonderly left, Spade told Archer to watch his back. That night, while Spade was sleeping, he received a phone call. It was the police telling him that Archer was murdered. Spade got up, made and lit a cigarette, and went to the scene. Spade got there and got the facts. Archer was found in an alley, probably shot at close range, with a British-made Webley revolver. Spade observed how Archers gun was in his holster and that his jacket was still buttoned. Spade phoned his secretary, Effie, and asked her to call Iva, his partner's wife, to break the bad news. Then he returned to his apartment. Spade sat awake drinking and smoking and thinking about his partners murder when the police knocked on his door. The cops informed Spade that Thursby had been shot. The cops wanted to milk Spade for information on this job Archer was doing and who it was for. Spade gave the police no information, and the police left irritated. The next morning Iva was in the office waiting for Spade. When Spade came in, Iva jumped to him and started kissing him. Spade told her that it wasnt a good idea for them too to ...

Hemi's case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hemi's case study - Assignment Example While under interrogation by the crisis worker Hemi responds but provide confusing details. He claims that there existed a Koro that persuaded him to try and cross the river and that he communicates with it (Cormier, Nurius, & Osborn, 2009). He has become a matter of concern with his parents in that they consider him not to well as he used to be. In the video hemi speaks to himself and mentions Koro throughout the interview. 2. Clinical Formulation: It’s an approach that combines bio-psychosocial factors. Information is viewed as either presenting, predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective. They are all included in the clinical presentation of the patient by the psychiatrist (Haynes & O'Brien, 2011). Presenting factors are the major and initial concern of the patient. They assist in ensuring that one has a clear understanding concerning the patient. Hem’s situation is as a result of the death of his Koro, since then Koro has hemi has changed in behaviour. They claim he has never been the same gain since the death of his grand father who has been attributed to be very close to Hemi is the route cause of the situation, in that his activities change and is defenceless and he is limited in the support of the family due to there limited knowledge in matters to do with mental illness. Precipitating factors: The main cause of Hemi’s is his grandfathers death of with his relation and connectivity to him resulted loosing his mind. The result is him jumping into the river in the effort of feeling unsecure. He explains each statement with reference to kora. The other factors are predisposing Factors in our case the immediate surrounding has influenced the situation that Hemi is experience the fact that he has experience a change in the environment in that the fact that his Koro will never be around again has not accepted by his mind in that he feels as if she is around (Groth-Marnat, 2009). From the ignorance of the parents he is forced to delusion the matter and his status worsen with less intervention. Perpetuating Factors are those that are hindering Hemi from feeling better. His parents may be the reason as to why his situation. Although they are concerned they have played a less role in ensuring that Hemi comes in term with the death of his Koro (Rosdahl, 2008). They look confused on the situation of Hemi thus becoming a hindrance in the recovery of their son. This leads to the delusion of Hemi and he result him jumping into the river The last factors are the protective factors in which they assist in the well being of Hemi. They include the environment in that change of location away from where Koro lived may change the situation of hemi since it will help in erasing the memories of Koro. The other component is the parents who should play a supportive role and issue him with new hopes by doing so hemi will settle psychology. From both the mental and clinical formulation a set of approval and diagnoses is det ermined to ensure the whole case is found a solution (Ingram, 2011). Hemi’s case has resulted in refusal to engage in activities teenagers his age perform, like engage in outside sports. This is a result of his parent lacking inn the knowledge of his case which is as a result of adolesces. 3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1. Basic needs: Breathable (speak in full sentence, normal

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Genetically Modified Food - Essay Example People in Africa can be fed genetically modified food because it is inexpensive and it does not take much effort to produce it. This paper will shed more light upon how genetically modified food can save countless lives not only in Africa but also all across the globe. There is very wrong perception of the rich people that there is no food shortage in the world and this is because they have all the luxuries in the world, but they have just noticed the sharp increase in food price. However, food is becoming a scarce resource and this increase in prices is a result of food crisis which is one of the most important global issues. According to The Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM), there are 967 billion people who do not have enough amount of food to eat (2008). It is found that the global food crisis exists because of several causes. Oil crisis is one of the main factors which have a direct impact on the food crisis, the prices of food transportation and agricultural fertilizer s have increased because of the oil crisis and the same directly affects the food crisis. Population growth is another cause especially in middle class countries such as India the same has led to an increase in the demand of meat that apply more grain in order to be produced than other commodities. Climate change has also affected food production where drought covered several parts of the world such as south Asia. Trade is another cause of food crisis because imported goods might be cheaper than goods produced in the country, so poor farmers are forced to reduce the price of their products. Finally, Bio fuel production is considered as one of the biggest causes of food crisis since the price of food has increased at the same time as bio fuel production has increased. The food crisis not only affects the developing countries but it has also started taking a toll on the developed countries. This essay considers the responses to food crisis in Zimbabwe which is a developing country in South Africa. To understand this issue, we fist need to explain the reasons for food crisis in Zimbabwe. Then, we will discuss and evaluate the current responses to this problem there. Finally, other appropriate responses to solve the food crisis in Zimbabwe will be presented. As a poor developing country in South Africa, Zimbabwe has been suffering from economical Decline since its independence from the British in the year 1980, and this is exactly the main factor for food crisis. Weak economical situation in Zimbabwe brings about less than 30 per cent of employment as a result of which, hunger expands in the country and more people live in extreme poverty (IRIN, 2008). 5.5 billion dollars as dept on the Zimbabwean government to be paid to other countries, this goes to show how fragile the Zimbabwean government is. According to the same source, irregular and delays in dept payment led some countries to stop trade with the Zimbabwean government. The Need of the Hour It is clear that aid in the form of fertilizers and seed is a long term solution because with this kind of response farmers produce more food and reduce the amount of imported food as a result. Moreover, by improving the agricultural part, food shortage will decrease and the country could export food instead of importing. However, the amount of

Relationship between the brand personality and purchase intention Essay

Relationship between the brand personality and purchase intention through the use of Country of Origin (COO) image and by illustrating how this impacts the intention of purchase - Essay Example The hypotheses was acknowledged through an analysis of the auto industry of China and the validation was carried out by taking into account the auto brand of Honda of Japan. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, the first part weighed the COO image, purchase intention, brand personality and subjective knowledge that the consumer possessed about the product; the second part was the registering of information the persons. The result that came out was that it was clearly established that the purchase intention is positively affected by the brand personality and the COO image. It was found that the positive COO image acted as an encouraging sign between the brand personality and purchase intention and so it would tend to increase positive brand personality and its impact on purchase intention. However if there was a negative COO image then this tend to lower the positive impact of brand personality on the purchase intention. Further it was found that if a company had a negative COO and had a weak brand personality it would still have a higher purchase intention than that of a company with a positive COO image and a weak brand personality. The report clearly suggests that there are issues like COO image which adversely affect the relationship between brand personality and purchase intention. ... Limitations and future research direction. However the research has been kept limited to an analysis of two countries. This might be a consideration which would be detrimental. Further it is quite easy to get away with the COO image when there is a lower price. Thus it can be said that the price also comes into play which makes the point of the country of origin a bit weak. Thus it can be said with ease that the research will tend to be ineffective once the generality of causes affecting the intention of the consumers are taken into account. The limitations that can be ascertained are the exclusion of the control variable in the product. The prices of the product have not been included. The research just plainly says that many points have not been considered. This is a great detriment. Corporate brand image, Satisfaction and store loyalty Background of the paper The article has clearly been written to establish the possible impact of a corporate store image on the satisfaction of the customer and the devotion that has been placed on grocery retailers. Conceptual framework and theory The corporate (store) image show the impact of a retailer as a brand, production brands and brands of store is alleged. The brand store and manufacturer store is included because of the fact that the quality of the product brand is dependent on these brands. Research design and implementation The tests were carried out through a survey via mail to consumers of answers which were usable. The test was apparently based on a model that related the hidden variables to the obvious variable and showed how store loyalty was dependent on these. Main conclusions and contribution to marketing literature and practice It was found that retailers

Challenges Faced by Muslim Women

Challenges Faced by Muslim Women Aizany Hussin Nayel Badareen Discovering Muslim Women Women play a significant role in the growth and the development of society around the world. Women perhaps are not physically or physiologically same as men, but they are much more responsible in delivering their roles for the society. However, in Islamic societies, women seem to be bound into certain roles and responsibilities. These righteous women are perplexed with the law and legal systems in their societies, which are supposed to be Islamic (al-Hibri, 37). These confusion and restrictions somehow heighten a mans status while degrading a womans position in the society. On the other hand, in the Quranic view of women, it states that both male and female were equal and they both have same responsibilities as well as benefits as a Muslim (al-Hibri, 46). Concisely, a Muslim women are more or less the same as the men in terms of rights in the Islamic societies. Considering these issues, this paper are to discuss about the challenges and obstacles faced by Muslim women in the west and the Muslim women in the Muslim world. Islam, like any other religion, had to deal with the challenges that weight the community in order to assimilate especially in the West. Not to mention about the women in the community, who always had issues within the Muslim world and also in the West. Before we go any further, it is important to understand that there are significant differences between Muslim women in the west and Muslim women in the Muslim world in terms of the obstacles and challenges they had to endure. In fact, being a Muslim women in the west is not easy as it looks. For instance, Muslim-American womens identities has been defiled after the event of 9/11 in the United States (Karasu, 2). Therefore, Muslim-American women had to encounter the stereotypes and discrimination despite of the issues in the Islamic community itself because of the event. Different from other Muslim women, they only had issues within the community rather than being stereotyped. Above all, we still going to discuss about the challenges a nd obstacles facing the Muslim women in the West and the Muslim World. One of the challenges faced by Muslim women in the Western world is the way they dress especially in wearing a Hijab (veil). Western people sees women wearing the Hijab differently as they are the minority and they are more noticeable (Ali, 2). It is easier for them to recognize these women. In addition, Wearing the Hijab acts as a clear and visual identity marker for Muslim women adhering to Islamic standards in the United States, therefore women without the Hijab are not overtly expected to carry out the same values (Karasu, 2). This illustration demonstrates that all Muslim women wearing a Hijab are the same. In fact, there are also Muslim women who does not wearing a Hijab which has the same value as a woman wearing a Hijab. There are reasons for them to not wearing a Hijab in the Western nation. Furthermore, they are not obligate to wear a Hijab in non-Muslim country (Karasu, 2). With all the stereotypes and discrimination towards the Islamic community, it makes it harder for th e Muslim women who wear a Hijab to socialize in the western community and not to mention that they are easy to identify. Often, its hard for them to decide whether to wear the Hijab for the Islamic standards or not to wear it to fit in the community without being stereotyped. After all, it is a personal decision of oneself according to their beliefs in God (Ali, 3). Furthermore, Muslim women also had issues with the Islamic community in the Western world. They had problems in showing that they are religious enough to be a Muslims whether it is outside group or inside group members. (Karasu, 2). The outside group refers to the Western community and the inside group refers to the Islamic community in the west. So basically the conflict is that these women want to fit in the Western community without being marginalized by the Islamic community. We can also say that they want to practice Islam without being discriminated by the western community. For instance, Muslim-American women who did not wear Hijab are worried about not being considered Muslim (Karasu, 3). In fact, she did that because she wants to be accepted into the western community. Therefore, it is hard for the Muslim women in the west to make choices in order to be a true Muslim. However, not all Muslim-American women judge each other (Kerasu, 3). This statement make sense because being a minority is a challenging enough and we shouldnt judge others as long as we have the same faith. Family law also one of the challenges which the Muslim women in the western world had to confront. According to Kecia Ali in her article, Rethinking Womens Issues in Muslim Communities, Muslim women in the United States can choose to follow a certain doctrines in their personal dealings (4), in their marriage. With this they eventually can set up a conditions or agreements in their marriage so they can meet expectations and claim a certain rights between them (Ali, 4). Kecia Ali states that this method are beneficial but it will alter the traditional imbalance of spousal rights in classical law (4). Means that this will change the general rights of men or women in a marriage. For instance, like Kecia Ali said, the wife cannot put a condition to restrict the husbands rights to reject her (4) because in general, the husband are superior in terms of status in a marriage. So, this is one of obstacles for the Muslim women in western world which they have to confront. Muslim women in the Muslim world however has different set of issues. Some of them are the same as Muslim women in the western world but, differ in application. One of the biggest challenge for Muslim women in a Muslim world is customs and traditions. There are large deceiving customs and traditions that relate to the issues of womens rights. For example, in Morocco, they forbid a father to force their virgin daughter into marriage (al-Hibri, 43) and also claim this tradition are from the Maliki (al-Hibri, 43). Nonetheless, if we examine closely into the Maliki interpretation, it will result in the inconsistency with the hadith which is a daughter need a permission from her father to get married (al-Hibri, 43). A father still has a power towards his daughter in terms of marriage. There are pros and cons on this issue but, women are the one who be a victim on this matter. This is the example of issue that perplexes Muslim women in the Muslim world. However, we can still retain and pra ctice our cultural belief but, all of the customs must be consistent with the basic precept of Islam and any traditions that oppose Islamic belief must be rejected (al-Hibri, 41). Another major challenges face by Muslim women in the Muslim world is their rights in a marriage. A general view in the Islamic law is that women status in a marriage is lower than men. This law are claim to be harsh and unfair to women (Ali, 3-4). Actually, what happened is that most of women didnt know their actual rights in their marriage. It is a common thing to see that man are far more superior in a marriage because obviously, man are physically stronger than woman and it is the husbands responsibilities to protect and take care for his family. It is accepted in all marriage even in non-Muslims that the husband has the power towards his wife and family. Because of this, many people thought that women has a far lower rights than men in a marriage and simply has to obey their husband. However, women actually has a guaranteed numerous rights by Islamic law (Ali, 4) and they have to learn how to claim their rights. Some suggestions made by Kecia Ali in her article about this matter. She said that, a wife can set a condition in her marriage contract so she can maintain her status as a woman (Ali, 4). Despite of this issue, what important the most in a marriage is respect to each other. Next challenge and obstacle that Muslim women in the Muslim world has to deal with is the sexual harassment. The global definition of sexual harassment is that its a form of violence resulting in assaulting a woman through a clear behavior that is sexual in nature from a person having authority over the other, who rejects this advances which leads to limit the freedom of women (Awel El Khayt, 3:10). The harassment can be done by visual, verbal and physical means. The conflict about this issue is that, not only sexily dressed women being targeted but women who dressed modestly also being harassed. This is a big issue for the Muslim women to confront with. Furthermore, most of these harassed women are not eager complain or make a report to the police about the harassment because they are afraid, embarrass and dont have any prove that they were being harassed (Al Jazeera, 12:14). If we didnt prevent this issue, the Muslim women status will be degrading even more within the community. Based on the challenges and obstacles facing Muslim women in the Western world and the Muslim world, we can conclude that being a Muslim women are indeed challenging. The challenges related to wearing a Hijab, with the community and family law is what Muslim women in the west had to confront. Not to forget about Muslim women in the Muslim world who meet obstacles related to culture and traditions, the rights in a marriage and the sexual harassment. There is nothing I can say about these issues but what I can do is respect towards all the Muslim women. For me, it doesnt matter if one belongs to another group or not because what matters is the beliefs. In fact, most Muslims generally do not categorize themselves, yet, they prefer to call themselves simply Muslims. Works Cited Seran Karasu, Muslim American Women in the United States: What is considered Muslim  Enough? Applied Psychology OPUS. NYU Steinhardt. Print. Kecia Ali, Rethinking Womens Issues in Muslim Communities. Taking Back Islam:   American Muslims Reclaim Their Faith. M. Wolfe and Beliefnet, eds, Esmaus, PA:  Rodale Press, 2002. Print. Azizah Y. al-Hibri, Muslim Womens Rights in the Global Village: Challenges and  Opportunities, 15 J.L Religion 37(2000). Print. Awel El-Khayt, Sexual Harassment in Egypt (English Subtitles) Awel El-Khayt Program,  e3lamakTV, Jun 18, 2013. Web.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gja05symHkk Al-Jazeera, Everywoman-Sexual Harassment in Egypt, Al-Jazeera English, Oct 19, 2007.   Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGFZNd2jfR8

Free Billy Budd Essays: Justice in Billy Budd :: Billy Budd Essays

Billy Budd - Not about Divine Justice and Human Justice Some have misinterpreted Melville's Billy Budd as a story about the distinction between divine justice, on the one hand, and human justice, on the other. Here's a summary of the "incorrect" reading that leads to this conclusion: When John Claggart falsely accuses Billy Budd of inciting mutiny, Captain Vere (whose name suggests "truth") arranges a confrontation between the accuser and the accused. When Claggart shamelessly repeats the lie to Budd's face and when Captain Vere insists that Budd defend himself and when Budd is struck speechless (if you like) and, therefore, STRIKES Claggart who falls down dead, Captain Vere suddenly has a problem on his hands, a problem he did not bargain for. You see, he feels that Budd is innocent but he also knows that he has killed a superior officer, an offense punishable by death. Here's how Melville presents Captain Vere's argument at the drumhead court: "How can we adjudge to summary and shameful death a fellow creature innocent before God, and whom we feel to be so? - Does that state it aright? You sign sad assent. Well, I too feel that, the full force of that. It is Nature. But do these buttons that we wear attest that our allegiance is to Nature? No, to the King. Though the ocean, which is inviolate Nature primeval, though this be the element where we move and have our being as sailors, yet as the King's officers lies our duty in a sphere correspondingly natural? So little is that true that, in receiving our commissions, we in the most important regards ceased to be natural free agents. When war is declared are we, the commissioned fighters, previously consulted? We fight at command. If our judgments approve the war, that is but coincidence. So in other particulars. For suppose condemnation to follow these present proceedings. Would it be so much we ourselves that would condemn as it would be martial law operating through us? For that law and the rigor of it, we are not responsible. Our vowed responsibility is this: That however pitilessly that law may operate, we nevertheless adhere to it and administer it. . . . "To steady us a bit, let us recur to the facts. - In war-time at sea a man-of-war's man strikes his superior in grade, and the blow kills.

Chapter 3: Structure and Function of the Cell

Chapter 3: Structure and Function of the Cell Multiple Choice 1. The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the A)ribosome. B)cell. C)organ. D)organelle. E)plasma membrane. Answer: b Level: 1 2. Which of the following could be used to study general features of cells? A)a magnifying glass B)scanning electron microscope C)transmission electron microscope D)binoculars E)light microscope Answer: e Level: 1 3. In order to study in detail, the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use A)x-rays. B)flashlights. C)a transmission electron microscope (TEM). D)tissue cultures. E)a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Answer: c Level: 1 4. The plasma membrane A)separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. B)is a rigid protein membrane. C)is not permeable. D)has a single layer of phospholipids. E)regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell. Answer: e Level: 1 5. The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as A)intrac ellular. B)extracellular. C)multicellular. D)centrocellular. E)none of the above. Answer: b Level: 1 6. The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that A)cholesterol forms the outermost layer of the membrane. B)proteins form a â€Å"liquid† sea in the membrane.C)phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the membrane. D)the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure. E)proteins are not a part of the membrane. Answer: d Level: 1 7. According to the most current model of the plasma membrane A)cholesterol forms the innermost layer of the membrane B)proteins are free to move about with a double layer of phospholipids C)phospholipids and cholesterol form a single lipid bilayer D)the membrane is a rigid unchanging structure E)the membrane is impermeable to all other molecules. Answer: b Level: 1 8. Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?A)digestion of unneeded cell organelles B)recognition of bacterial cells by the im mune system C)transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum D)cell metabolism E)detoxification Answer: b Level: 2 9. Plasma membrane phospholipids A)have polar (charged) tails. B)are arranged in a single layer. C)have tails that face the exterior of the membrane. D)are 95% cholesterol. E)have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. Answer: e Level: 1 10. Which of the following is correctly matched with its function? A)channel proteins – are part of an intercellular communication system B)marker molecules – are primarily steroidsC)receptor molecules – attach to ligand molecules. D)peripheral proteins – penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other. E)nongated ion channels – are always closed. Answer: c Level: 1 11. In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______. A)protein channels; protein channels B)protein channels; bilipid lay er C)bilipid layer; protein channels D)bilipid layer; bilipid layer E)none of the above Answer: b Level: 2 12. Cell membrane phospholipids A)have nonpolar fatty acid tails. B)form a bilayer. C)have polar phosphate heads.D)create a selectively permeable barrier. E)all of the above Answer: e Level: 1 13. When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called A)open-gated channels. B)voltage-gated channels. C)chemical-gated channels. D)ligand-gated channels. E)nongated ion channels. Answer: b Level: 2 14. Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to _____ on another cell. A)channel proteins B)receptor molecules C)marker molecules D)second messengersE)integrins. Answer: b Level: 1 15. Channel proteins A)are binding sites for other molecules. B)utilize the G protein complex to function. C)are found only on endoplasmi c reticulum. D)allow cells to recognize one another. E)provide a â€Å"door† through which extracellular molecules can enter the cell Answer: e Level: 1 16. Molecules that serve as chemical signals in cell to cell communication are called A)isotopes. B)ligands. C)responders. D)communicators. E)membrane potentials. Answer: b Level: 1 17. Cells that respond to ligands A)possess receptor sites for specific ligands. B)generally produce the ligands.C)have lysosomes that destroy the ligands. D)are using electrical signals in cellualar communication. E)are not functional. Answer: a Level: 1 18. Membrane-bound receptors A)are small, lipid soluble molecules. B)have their receptor sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. C)can interact with DNA in the nucleus. D)do not exhibit specificity. E)have no effect on the cell. Answer: b Level: 1 19. Consider the following events and choose the one that occurs last. A)Acetylcholine is released from neurons. B)Acetylcholine diffuses ac ross the synapse to the receptor. C)Na+ ion channels in the plasma membrane are opened.D)Acetylcholine binds to membrane-bound receptors on skeletal muscle cells E)Na+ ions diffuse into skeletal muscle cells. Answer: e Level: 2 20. G proteins are found associated with the A)nucleus. B)cytoplasm. C)Golgi body. D)plasma membrane. E)ribosome. Answer: d Level: 1 21. Communication between cells is essential to coordinate the activity of the trillions of cell that make up the human body. Which of the following is (are) directly involved in carrying out communication between cells? A)lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane B)receptor molecules of plasma membrane C)chemical signal molecules released by cells D)mitochondriaE)b and c Answer: e Level: 1 22. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means A)only gases and water can pass through it. B)substances need permission to pass through it. C)only certain substances can pass through it. D)substances need carrier molecules to pass th rough it. E)ATP is always needed to move molecules across the plasma membrane. Answer: c Level: 1 23. Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell A)in vesicles. B)through vitamin membrane channels. C)by dissolving in the lipid bilayer. D)by transport with carrier molecules. E)by active transport. Answer: c Level: 2 24.Which of the following statements concerning membrane transport across the plasma membrane is true? A)Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules. B)Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer. C)Water cannot move through the membrane. D)Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions. E)All molecules are moved across by active transport. Answer: b Level: 1 25. The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of A)active transport. B)dialysis. C)osmosis . D)filtration.E)simple diffusion. Answer: e Level: 2 26. In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region A)outside the cell to a region inside the cell. B)inside the cell to a region outside the cell. C)of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. D)of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. E)none of the above Answer: d Level: 1 27. Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion? A)an increase in the viscosity of the solvent B)an increase in the temperature C)an increase in the molecular weight of the diffusing particles D)an increase in the distance the molecules have to travelE)all of the above Answer: b Level: 1 28. Salt was added to a beaker of distilled water (the water was not stirred). A sample taken from the bottom of the beaker was found to be 20% salt. At the same time, a sample taken from the top of the beaker was found to be 2% salt. After 24 hours A)the difference in the percentage of salt bet ween the top and bottom samples would increase. B)the percentage of salt in top and bottom samples would be approximately equal. C)the samples would still be 2% and 20% respectively. D)the salt would float to the top. E)none of the above Answer: b Level: 2 29.The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an example of A)diffusion. B)osmosis. C)active transport. D)bulk transport. E)facilitated diffusion. Answer: a Level: 2 30. Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane. A)urea B)oxygen C)water D)sodium E)sugar Answer: c Level: 1 31. Solution A contains 5 grams of sugar per liter while solution B contains 2 grams of sugar per liter. The solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If the solvent in both solutions is water, predict in which direction most of the water molecules will move.A)move by simple diffusion from solution A to solution B B)move by osmosis from solution B to solution A C)move by active t ransport from solution B to solution A D)move by filtration from solution A to solution B E)there will be no movement of water Answer: b Level: 3 32. The greater the concentration of a solution, the greater A)the tendency for water to diffuse from the solution. B)the osmotic pressure of the solution. C)the number of carrier molecules present. D)the amount of solvent. E)the rate of facilitated diffusion. Answer: b Level: 1 33. A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution, A)gains water.B)loses water. C)floats. D)ruptures. E)neither gains nor loses water. Answer: b Level: 2 34. If 0. 9% saline solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0. 5% saline solution A)is hypertonic to the cell. B)will cause crenation of the cell. C)is hypotonic to the cell. D)will shrink the cell. E)will not affect the cell. Answer: c Level: 2 35. A person suffered from burns over a large part of his body. Evaporation of fluid from the surface of burned areas occurs. As a result of the evaporation proc ess, cells will tend to A)shrink. B)swell. C)rupture. D)first swell and then resume their original shape. E)remain unchanged. Answer: aLevel: 2 36. Plasma has an osmolality of 300 mOsm. A solution isosmotic with plasma has an osmolality of A)150 mOsm. B)300 mOsm. C)450 mOsm. D)600 mOsm. E)900 mOsm. Answer: b Level: 2 37. A runner produced hypotonic sweat while running a marathon in hot weather. After the race he drank large volumes of water, as a result of the water intake his body cells will A)shrink. B)swell. C)crenate. D)shrivel. E)not change. Answer: b Level: 2 38. The movement of a solution across a plasma membrane because of a pressure gradient is called A)diffusion. B)osmosis. C)facilitated diffusion. D)active transport. E)filtration. Answer: eLevel: 1 39. Which of the following would increase the rate of mediated transport? A)increase the number of available carrier molecules B)change the shape of the binding site on the carrier molecule C)increase the number of competitive molecules D)fill all binding sites on carrier molecules E)remove the binding site on the carrier molecule Answer: a Level: 2 40. A particular membrane transport process exhibits saturation, uses carrier molecules, but does not require ATP. The process is probably A)active transport. B)facilitated diffusion. C)osmosis. D)pinocytosis. E)phagocytosis. Answer: b Level: 2 41. Active transportA)follows osmotic pressure gradients. B)can move substances along their concentration gradient. C)does not requires metabolic energy (ATP). D)involves vesicle formation. E)requires ATP. Answer: e Level: 1 42. Which of the following are consistent with active transport? 1. movement is against a concentration gradient 2. movement is with a concentration gradient 3. involves a carrier molecule 4. can involve cotransport 5. can involve counter transport 6. exhibits competition and saturation A)1, 3, 4, 5, 6 B)2, 3, 4, 5 C)2, 3, 4, 5, 6 D)1, 3, 4, 6 E)1, 3, 5, 6 Answer: a Level: 2 43. Cyanide stops the pr oduction of ATP.Which of the following processes would be affected? A)simple diffusion B)osmosis C)active transport D)facilitated diffusion E)filtration Answer: c Level: 2 44. The sodium-potassium exchange pump located in the plasma membrane A)actively transports potassium into cells. B)osmotically moves sodium into cells. C)actively transports water out of cells. D)moves chlorine out of cells. E)actively transports sodium into cells. Answer: a Level: 1 45. When ions or molecules involved in secondary active transport move in the same direction, the process is called A)facilitated diffusion. B)counter-transport. C)exocytosis. D)cotransport. E)endocytosis.Answer: d Level: 1 46. Which of the following events occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose? A)Na+ ions and glucose are cotransported by the same carrier molecule. B)The Na+-K+ pump maintains a Na+ concentration gradient inside the cell. C)Energy comes from diffusion of Na+ down their concentration gradient. D)Glucose i s moved against its concentration gradient into the cell. E)all of the above Answer: e Level: 2 47. A group of cells was treated with a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme. Which of the following processes would be least affected by this treatment? A)diffusion of sodium through sodium membrane channelsB)diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane C)use of carrier molecules in facilitated diffusion D)sodium-potassium exchange pump E)secondary active transport Answer: b Level: 2 48. Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called A)pinocytosis. B)phagocytosis. C)biocytosis. D)calmly regulated diffusion. E)exocytosis. Answer: b Level: 2 49. Pinocytosis A)is a form of exocytosis. B)involves ingestion of liquids rather than particles. C)does not require ATP. D)forms vesicles only when large amounts of material are being transported. E)does not require the formation of vesicles.Answer: b Level: 1 50. Endocytosis A)is mov ement of water through a selectively permeable membrane. B)is a process that requires a carrier molecule but does not use cellular energy. C)is the bulk uptake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation. D)moves material out of the cell. E)ends cell functions. Answer: c Level: 1 51. Arrange the following events of exocytosis in the correct sequence: 1. vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane 2. secretory vesicles migrate to plasma membrane 3. vesicle contents are expelled from cell 4. secretions accumulate within secretory vesicles A)2, 1, 4, 3B)1, 4, 2, 3 C)3, 1, 4, 2 D)4, 2, 1, 3 E)1, 2, 3, 4 Answer: d Level: 3 52. Receptor-mediated endocytosis A)does not need ATP; the receptors supply the energy. B)exhibits specificity. C)occurs if oxygen is available. D)is a type of passive transport. E)moves materials out of the cell. Answer: b Level: 1 53. Which of the following are consistent with facilitated diffusion? 1. movement is against a concentration gradient 2. movement is with a concentration gradient 3. involves a carrier molecule 4. involves cotransport 5. involves counter transport 6. exhibits competition and saturation A)1, 2, 4, 5, 6 B)2, 3, 6C)2, 3, 5, 6 D)1, 3, 4, 5, 6 E)2, 3, 4, 6 Answer: b Level: 2 54. Which of the following would increase the maximum rate of facilitated diffusion? A)increase the concentration gradient of the transported molecule B)decrease the concentration gradient of the transported molecule C)increase the concentration of the competitive molecules D)increased ATP synthesis E)none of the above Answer: e Level: 3 55. If a toxic drug inhibited mRNA synthesis, which of the following would be most directly affected? A)protein synthesis B)intracellular digestion C)microtubule production D)secretion of glycoproteins and lipoproteinsE)active transport Answer: a Level: 2 56. Cytoplasm is found A)in the nucleus. B)outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane. C)in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. D)on the cristae of the mitochondria. E)between the phospholipids in the plasma membrane. Answer: b Level: 1 57. The cytoskeleton consists of A)lipochromes, microfilaments, and microtubules. B)actin filaments, mitochondria, and intermediate filaments. C)microfilaments, mitochondria, and lipochromes. D)microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. E)ribosomes, the nucleus, and the Golgi apparatus. Answer: d Level: 1 58.Absence of a cytoskeleton might affect A)cell shape. B)the number of channel proteins in the cell membrane. C)the ability of the cell to generate energy. D)vesicle formation. E)membrane transport. Answer: a Level: 1 59. Microtubules A)are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton. B)contains the protein myosin. C)provide structure and support to the cytoplasm. D)are solid, supporting rods of protein. E)are a component of mitochondria. Answer: c Level: 1 60. Of the organelles listed, which one does not contain microtubules? A)cilia B)flagella C)centrioles D)mi crovilli E)basal bodies Answer: d Level: 1 61.Organelles A)are extracellular structures. B)are unspecialized portions of a cell. C)generally lack membranes. D)vary in number and type depending on cell function. E)are structural, but not functional parts of the cell. Answer: d Level: 2 62. Which of the following organelles function in the destruction of nonfunctional organelles? A)endoplasmic reticulum B)centrioles C)basal bodies D)lysosomes E)mitochondria Answer: d Level: 1 63. Ribosomes are organelles responsible for A)protein synthesis. B)manufacturing lipids. C)cell movement and cell shape. D)packaging â€Å"cell products† for export. E)energy production.Answer: a Level: 1 64. Cells that lack ribosomes cannot A)produce energy. B)eliminate wastes. C)engage in protein synthesis. D)package cellular products. E)ingest and phagocytize bacteria. Answer: c Level: 1 65. Skeletal muscle cells need large numbers of _______ to make the many proteins they contain. A)centrosomes B)pero xisomes C)liposomes D)ribosomes E)lysosomes Answer: d Level: 2 66. If you compare a cell with a manufacturing plant that exports goods, the cell's _____ could be compared to the manufacturing plant's shipping department. A)nucleus B)lysosome C)Golgi apparatus D)endoplasmic reticulumE)ribosome Answer: c Level: 2 67. The organelle that protects cells from the damaging effects of medications and toxins is the A)ribosome. B)microtubule. C)secretory vesicle. D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E)mitochondria. Answer: d Level: 1 68. The function of the Golgi apparatus is A)packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids. B)production of microtubules. C)excretion of excess salt. D)DNA replication. E)energy production. Answer: a Level: 1 69. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to it is called A)smooth ER. B)dendritic ER. C)nodular ER. D)bumpy ER. E)rough ER. Answer: e Level: 1 70.A cell that produces many proteins for secretion from the cell would have large numbers of A)rough ER an d Golgi. B)lysosomes and Golgi. C)Golgi and microvilli. D)ribosomes and centrioles. E)mitochondria and cilia. Answer: a Level: 2 71. Arrange the following in correct sequence: 1. Protein moves through ER and then carried in vesicles to Golgi. 2. Vesicle pinches off from Golgi and carries product to plasma membrane. 3. Golgi modifies protein and then packages them into vesicles. 4. Protein made by ribosomes on rough ER. A)1, 2, 3, 4 B)4, 1, 3, 2 C)2, 3, 1, 4 D)3, 2, 4, 1 E)4, 3, 2, 1 Answer: b Level: 2 72.A toxic drug destroyed the Golgi apparatus. This would affect A)ribosomal RNA synthesis. B)intracellular digestion. C)energy production. D)microtubule production. E)packaging of glycoproteins and lipoproteins. Answer: e Level: 2 73. The intracellular digestive system of a cell is the A)lysosome. B)microtubule. C)lipochrome. D)rough endoplasmic reticulum. E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: a Level: 1 74. White blood cells eat other cells and would be expected to A)have large num bers of lysosomes. B)possess cilia on their surfaces so they can move quickly. C)excrete excess salt as a result of all this eating.D)expel their nuclei to make room for all of the cells they eat. E)have mitochondria to energize them. Answer: a Level: 2 75. Which of the following activities is associated with lysosomes? A)exocytosis B)intracellular support C)destruction of nonfunctional organelles D)energy production E)endocytosis Answer: c Level: 1 76. A cell with abundant peroxisomes would most likely be involved in A)secretion. B)storage of glycogen. C)detoxification activities. D)cellular communication. E)protein synthesis. Answer: c Level: 1 77. Damaged cells can destroy nearby healthy cells when they release ________ enzymes. A)mitochondrialB)nuclear C)microtubular D)lysosomal E)cytoplasmic Answer: d Level: 1 78. A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected? A)nucleus B)centriole C)microtubule D)mitochondrion E)ribosomes Answer: d Level: 2 79. Experimental manipulation to increase the energy output of the cell might include A)rupturing the lysosomes in the cell. B)increasing the number of mitochondria. C)decreasing nuclear size. D)removing some of the ribosomes. E)increasing protein synthesis. Answer: b Level: 1 80. Which of the following terms does not relate to the mitochondria? A)cristaeB)self-replicating C)outer and inner membranes D)ATP E)vitamin A storage Answer: e Level: 1 81. When a person trains for running long distances, which of the following organelles increase in his/her muscles? A)rough endoplasmic reticulum B)enzymes for glycolysis C)basal bodies D)lysosomes E)mitochondria Answer: e Level: 2 82. You are looking at a cell with the electron microscope and you notice the following characteristics: presence of many mitochondria and lysosomes; few, if any, Golgi; and many ribosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of that cell? A)secretion of lipids B)intracellular dig estionC)DNA replication D)modification of protein E)absorption of nutrients Answer: b Level: 2 83. Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched? A)mitochondria – cristae B)Golgi apparatus – cisternae C)lysosomes – hydrolytic enzymes D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum — chromatin E)cilia – basal bodies Answer: d Level: 1 84. Mitochondria A)contains DNA. B)have inner and outer membranes. C)have inner folds called cristae. D)are the cell’s power plants. E)all of the above Answer: e Level: 1 85. Which of the following cell organelles is correctly matched with its function? A)nucleolus – contains the genetic material of the cellB)microtubules – cell support C)mitochondria – protein synthesis D)smooth ER – ATP production E)ribosome – energy production Answer: b Level: 1 86. A cell can meet increased energy demands by an A)increase in its overall size so it has more room to generate energy. B)increase in the nu mber of mitochondria. C)increase in lysosomal enzyme and ribosome activity within the cell. D)increase in nuclear DNA activity. E)increase in ribosomal subunits. Answer: b Level: 1 87. A cell uses centrioles in the process of A)cell division. B)energy generation. C)protein synthesis. D)RNA replication. E)nuclear centering.Answer: a Level: 1 88. Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of A)width and numbers. B)length and numbers. C)depth and numbers. D)length and width. E)none of the above Answer: b Level: 1 89. Microvilli A)are extensions of the lysosomal membrane. B)function to make the cell mobile. C)are supported by microtubules. D)move the cell. E)increase the surface area of the cell. Answer: e Level: 1 90. Which of the following cell organelles does not contain microtubules? A)cilia B)flagella C)spindle fibers D)centrioles E)All of the above contain microtubules. Answer: e Level: 1 91.The â€Å"control center† of the cell is the A)nucleus. B)ri bosome. C)mitochondrion. D)plasma membrane. E)endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: a Level: 1 92. Which of the following events occurs in the nucleus? A)large and small ribosomal subunits combine B)ribosomal proteins formed C)large and small ribosomal subunits form D)formation of free ribosomes E)None of the above occur in the nucleus. Answer: c Level: 1 93. Which of the following structures is found in the nucleus? A)cristae B)cytosol C)cisternae D)chromosome E)flattened membrane sacs Answer: d Level: 1 94. The nucleus of a cell functions to A)digest lipids.B)produce ATP. C)produce secretory vesicles. D)control and coordinate cellular activities. E)synthesize proteins. Answer: d Level: 1 95. Nucleoli A)are located in the cytoplasm. B)produce ribosomal subunits. C)have a distinct membrane. D)are important for the formation of the Golgi apparatus. E)regulates movement of materials into the nucleus. Answer: b Level: 1 96. Which of the following correctly matches a nuclear structure with its function? A)chromosomes – contains RNA and histones B)nuclear envelope – contains the nucleolar organizer C)nuclear pores – allow molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.D)chromatin – fluid portion of the nucleus E)nucleolus – DNA synthesis Answer: c Level: 1 97. Glycolysis A)converts glycogen to glucose. B)reduces pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water. C)converts glucose to pyruvic acid. D)is oxygen dependent. E)does not occur in the cell. Answer: c Level: 1 98. Aerobic respiration occurs when _______ is available. A)carbon dioxide B)oxygen C)lactic acid D)light E)nitrogen Answer: b Level: 1 99. Anaerobic respiration A)occurs in cells when oxygen supplies do not meet cell demands. B)produces 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. C)occurs in the mitochondria.D)frequently involves the electron transport system. E)is referred to as the â€Å"citric acid cycle. † Answer: a Level: 1 100. Messenger RNA A)is synthesized when a por tion of a DNA molecule is transcribed. B)directs the synthesis of DNA. C)determines the sequence of nucleotides in the anticodons of tRNA. D)directs the synthesis of centrioles in the cytoplasm. E)is not involved in the synthesis of proteins. Answer: a Level: 1 101. The transfer of information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) is known as A)transduction. B)translocation. C)translation. D)transcription. E)transmutation. Answer: d Level: 1 102.Which of the following sequences is correct? A)translation ( protein synthesis ( transcription B)transcription ( translation ( protein synthesis C)transcription ( protein synthesis ( translation D)translation ( transcription ( protein synthesis E)protein synthesis ( translation (transcription Answer: b Level: 1 103. Translation A)requires three types of DNA. B)requires the pairing of codons on mRNA with anticodons on tRNA. C)involves synthesis of RNA from DNA molecules. D)takes place in the nucleus. E)requires replication of DNA. Answer: b Level: 1 104. Which of the following molecules contains the anticodon?A)mRNA B)rRNA C)tRNA D)DNA E)none of the above Answer: c Level: 1 105. If a mRNA molecule is 1800 nucleotides (bases) in length, this molecule will contain _____ codons. A)400 B)600 C)800 D)900 E)1200 Answer: b Level: 2 106. The sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule is needed to determine the A)sequence of nucleotides in a gene. B)sequence of amino acids in a protein. C)sequence of nucleotides in the anticodons of tRNA. D)sequence of codons in DNA. E)sequence of amino acids in DNA. Answer: b Level: 1 107. Transcription A)requires three types of RNA. B)synthesizes RNA from DNA.C)occurs at the ribosomes. D)copies information from mRNA to tRNA. E)synthesizes DNA from RNA. Answer: b Level: 1 108. A DNA base sequence is A T G C C G. The sequence of bases in a strand of mRNA transcribed from this sequence of bases in DNA would be A)T A C G G C. B)U T C G G U. C)U A C G G C. D)A U G C C G. E)T A G G G G Answer: c Level: 2 109. The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons? A)CAT B)GUA C)CTU D)CAU E)CTT Answer: d Level: 2 110. Posttranscriptional processing is the modification of A)proteins to form pro-proteins. B)mRNA to form tRNA. C)pre-mRNA to form functional mRNA.D)exons to form introns. E)DNA. Answer: c Level: 1 111. Determine the sequence of the following events in a cell after exposure of the cell to a chemical signal. 1. increased synthesis of a protein 2. the chemical signal combined with a cytoplasmic receptor 3. an increase in the nuclear concentration of the chemical 4. an increase in mRNA synthesis 5. genes are activated A)2, 1, 3, 5, 4 B)2, 4, 5, 3, 2 C)2, 3, 5, 4, 1 D)2, 3, 4, 5, 1 E)1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Answer: c Level: 3 112. DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules A)has two newly synthesized strands of nucleotides.B)has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides. C)has tw o strands of nucleotides from the parent. D)has a single strand of nucleotides. E)are incomplete copies of the original. Answer: b Level: 1 113. In DNA replication, A)the leading strand is formed as a continuous strand. B)new nucleotides are added at the 5†² end of the growing DNA strand. C)DNA polymerase splices the short segments of the lagging strand together. D)only introns are replicated. E)the two existing strands are not used as templates. Answer: a Level: 1 114. MitosisA)forms two daughter cells with half the DNA of the mother cell. B)forms two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the mother cell. C)forms daughter cells called gametes. D)forms two daughter cells with twice the amount of DNA as the mother cell. E)forms one daughter cell and another incomplete cell. Answer: b Level: 1 115. Human somatic cells contain _____ chromosomes, human gametes contain _____ chromosomes. A)23; 46 B)23; 23 C)46; 46 D)46; 23 E)92; 46 Answer: d Level: 1 116. DNA synthesis occur s during A)the G1 phase of interphase. B)telophase. C)the S phase of interphase. D)anaphase. E)metaphase. Answer: cLevel: 1 117. In prophase A)the chromosomes condense, shorten, and thicken. B)the spindle fibers disappear. C)the chromosomes replicate. D)cytokinesis occurs. E)DNA is synthesized. Answer: a Level: 1 118. Which of the following events occurs during anaphase? A)Chromatin strands condense to form chromosomes. B)Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell. C)Spindle fibers are formed. D)The nuclear envelope degenerates. E)Cytokinesis Answer: b Level: 1 119. Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of A)skin cells. B)gametes (egg and sperm). C)diploid cells. D)malignant cells. E)somatic cells.Answer: b Level: 1 120. Arrange the following events of meiosis in correct sequence. 1. pairs of homologous chromosomes separate 2. tetrad formation occurs 3. second meiotic division 4. tetrads align at the equatorial plate 5. interkinesis A)1, 3, 5, 2, 4 B)2, 4, 1, 5, 3 C)3, 1, 4, 5, 2 D)4, 1, 2, 5, 3 E)2, 4, 1, 3, 5 Answer: b Level: 2 121. Each of the cells that result from meiosis A)has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. B)has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. C)has one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the original cell. D)has twice the number of chromosomes as the original cell.E)has no chromosomes Answer: b Level: 1 122. Crossing over A)occurs during mitosis. B)increases the amount of genetic diversity. C)results in the formation of chromatids with the same DNA sequences. D)form tetrads. E)decreases the amount of genetic diversity. Answer: b Level: 1 Refer to the following diagram for questions 123-127. [pic] 123. What structure does â€Å"A† represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? A)membrane channel protein B)phospholipid bilayer C)internal membrane surface D)peripheral protein E)receptor protein Answer: b Level: 1 124. What structure does â€Å"B† represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?A)membrane channel protein B)phospholipid bilayer C)internal membrane surface D)peripheral protein E)receptor protein Answer: a Level: 1 125. What structure does â€Å"C† represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? A)membrane channel protein B)phospholipid bilayer C)internal membrane surface D)peripheral protein E)receptor protein Answer: e Level: 1 126. What structure does â€Å"D† represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane? A)membrane channel protein B)phospholipid bilayer C)internal membrane surface D)peripheral protein E)receptor protein Answer: d Level: 1 127. What structure does â€Å"E† represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?A)membrane channel protein B)phospholipid bilayer C)internal membrane surface D)peripheral protein E)receptor protein Answer: c Level: 1 Refer to the following diagram for questions 128-132. [pic] 128. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic , hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution â€Å"A† relative to the RBC? A)hypotonic solution B)hypertonic solution C)isotonic solution D)hemolyzed E)crenated Answer: c Level: 3 129. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution â€Å"B† relative to the RBC? A)hypotonic solutionB)hypertonic solution C)isotonic solution D)hemolyzed E)crenated Answer: b Level: 3 130. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution â€Å"C† relative to the RBC? A)hypotonic solution B)hypertonic solution C)isotonic solution D)hemolyzed E)crenated Answer: a Level: 3 131. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is the condition of the RBC in solution â€Å"C†? A)hypotonic solution B)hypertonic solution C)isotonic solution D)hemolyzed E)crenated Answer: d Level: 3 132.Re d blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is the condition of the RBC in solution â€Å"B†? A)hypotonic solution B)hypertonic solution C)isotonic solution D)hemolyzed E)crenated Answer: e Level: 3 Refer to the following diagram for questions 133-137. [pic] 133. The diagram is an overview of cell metabolism. What does â€Å"A† represent? A)Glucose B)2 lactic acid + 2 ATP C)O2 D)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP E)Pyruvic acid Answer: e Level: 1 134. The diagram is an overview of cell metabolism. What does â€Å"B† represent? A)Glucose B)2 lactic acid + 2 ATP C)O2 D)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP E)Pyruvic acidAnswer: c Level: 1 135. The diagram is an overview of cell metabolism. What does â€Å"C† represent? A)Glucose B)2 lactic acid + 2 ATP C)O2 D)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP E)Pyruvic acid Answer: b Level: 1 136. The diagram is an overview of cell metabolism. What does â€Å"D† represent? A)Glucose B)2 lactic acid + 2 ATP C)O2 D)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP E)Pyruvic acid Answer: a Level: 1 137. The diagram is an overview of cell metabolism. What does â€Å"E† represent? A)Glucose B)2 lactic acid + 2 ATP C)O2 D)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP E)Pyruvic acid Answer: d Level: 1 For questions 138 to 142 match the following processes with the appropriate definition or description.A)requires a carrier molecule but does not use cellular energy B)bulk uptake of material by the formation of a vesicle C)movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of less concentration D)movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane E)movement of molecules against their concentration gradient 138. active transport Answer: e Level: 1 139. diffusion Answer: c Level: 1 140. endocytosis Answer: b Level: 1 141. facilitated diffusion Answer: a Level: 1 142. osmosis Answer: d Level: 1 For questions 143 to 147 match the following types of membrane proteins to its function.A)have exposed site on outer cell surface that can attach to ligand B)integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane C)form a passageway through the plasma membrane D)allow cells to identify one another E)proteins that can catalyze chemical reactions on inner or outer surface of plasma membrane 143. Marker molecules Answer: d Level: 1 144. Channel protein Answer: c Level: 1 145. Receptor molecules Answer: a Level: 1 146. Enzymes Answer: e Level: 1 147. Carrier proteins Answer: b Level: 1 For questions 148 to 152 match the following cell organelles with the appropriate definition or description.A)source of the spindle fibers B)organelles that produce most of the cell’s energy C)sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes D)sites of protein synthesis E)contains the chromosomes 148. nucleus Answer: e Level: 1 149. ribosomes Answer: d Level: 1 150. lysosomes Answer: c Level: 1 151. mitochondria Answer: b Level: 1 152. centrioles Answer: a Level: 1 For questions 153 to 157 match the followi ng descriptions with the appropriate metabolic pathway. A)aerobic respiration B)anaerobic respiration 153. occurs without oxygen Answer: b Level: 1 154. uses the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain Answer: a Level: 1 155. ccurs in the mitochondria with oxygen Answer: a Level: 1 156. converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid Answer: b Level: 1 157. produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP Answer: a Level: 1 For questions 158 to 162 match the following cell organelles with the appropriate definition or description. A)organelle where subunits of ribosomes are manufactured B)an organelle of locomotion C)may or may not have ribosomes attached D)small vacuoles containing oxidative enzymes E)package materials for secretion from the cell 158. endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c Level: 1 159. Golgi apparatus Answer: e Level: 1 160. nucleolus Answer: a Level: 1 61. peroxisomes Answer: d Level: 1 162. flagellum Answer: b Level: 1 For questions 163 to 167 match the following stages of the cell cycle with the appropriate description. A)chromosomes align along equator B)cytokinesis is completed at the end of this phase C)time between cell divisions D)chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear E)chromosomes begin migrating towards poles of the cell 163. interphase Answer: c Level: 1 164. prophase Answer: d Level: 1 165. metaphase Answer: a Level: 1 166. anaphase Answer: e Level: 1 167. telophase Answer: b Level: 1 For questions 168 to 172 match the following molecules with the appropriate escription. A)structural RNA of ribosome B)mRNA containing introns C)protein that is converted to an active enzyme D)all triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein E)three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA 168. pre-mRNA Answer: b Level: 1 169. proenzyme Answer: c Level: 1 170. gene Answer: d Level: 1 171. ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Answer: a Level: 1 172. codon Answer: e Level: 1 For questions 173 to 176 match the cells described with their most abundant organelle. A)mitochondria B)centriol es C)peroxisomes D)lysosomes E) Golgi apparatus 173. white blood cell, a phagocyte Answer: d Level: 2 174. mucus cell (secretes mucus)Answer: e Level: 2 175. liver cells that detoxify hydrogen peroxide Answer: c Level: 2 176. cardiac muscle cells (require large amounts of ATP) Answer: a Level: 2 For questions 177 to 184 match the type of cell division with the appropriate description. A)mitosis B)meiosis C)both mitosis & meiosis 177. Responsible for tissue growth and repair Answer: a Level: 2 178. Resulting cells are haploid Answer: b Level: 2 179. Occurs only in testis and ovary Answer: b Level: 2 180. Daughter cells genetically identical to mother cell Answer: a Level: 2 181. DNA replication occurs only once Answer: c Level: 2 182. Tetrad formation occursAnswer: b Level: 2 183. Cytokinesis occurs only once Answer: a Level: 2 184. Crossing over Answer: b Level: 2 For questions 185 to 189 match the following terms relative to theories about cell death and cell aging to the most appr opriate description. A)portions of DNA are lost over time resulting in cell death B)loss of the energy source in the cell C)genes that turn on late in life that cause cell death D)after a certain amount of time or cell divisions, the cell line dies E)atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons that may damage cells 185. Cellular clock Answer: d Level: 1 186. Mitochondrial damage Answer: bLevel: 1 187. DNA damage Answer: a Level: 1 188. Free radicals Answer: e Level: 1 189. Death gene Answer: c Level: 1 Fill in the Blank 190. The predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a _____________. Answer: phospholipid Level: 1 191. Glycolipids would contain both lipids and _____________. Answer: carbohydrates Level: 1 192. The _____________ contains the genetic information of the cell. Answer: nucleus Level: 1 193. Cytosol is part of _____________. Answer: cytoplasm Level: 1 194. The centrioles are found in a zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus called the _____________. Answer: centrosome Le vel: 1 195.At the base of each cilium is a structure called the _____________. Answer: basal body Level: 1 196. The shaft of a flagellum contains _____________ microtubule doublets around its periphery. Answer: nine (9) Level: 1 197. _____________ is the force required to prevent the movement of water by osmosis across a semipermeable membrane. Answer: osmotic pressure Level: 1 198. In _____________, ions or molecules move in opposite directions. Answer: counter transport Level: 1 199. _____________ is the sum of catabolism and anabolism. Answer: metabolism Level: 1 200. According to base pair rules, adenine pairs with _____________ in DNA replication.Answer: thymine Level: 1 201. In females, the sex chromosomes look alike and are called _____________. Answer: X chromosomes Level: 1 202. The term for â€Å"programmed cell death† is ______________. Answer: apoptosis Level: 1 Essay Questions 203. Explain what would happen to a cell in each of the following events: a. A cell los t its nucleus b. All the lysosomes ruptured c. The phospholipids in the cell membrane were dissolved d. The cell began losing its mitochondria e. The transfer RNA molecules are selectively destroyed by viruses. Answer: (a) Without a nucleus cells are unable to synthesize mRNA and so cannot complete protein synthesis.Lack of a nucleus also prevents cells from duplicating themselves. A cell without a nucleus will have a short life span and eventually die. (b) Rupture of the lysosomes releases hydrolytic enzymes that begin to digest the cell and kill it. (c) If the phospholipids in the cell membrane are dissolved, the membrane loses its integrity and would no longer function as a selective barrier. (d) Loss of mitochondria reduces the capacity of the cell to generate energy. (e) If transfer RNA molecules are selectively destroyed, protein synthesis would be inhibited as no amino acids would be brought to the ribosomes.Level: 2, 1 204. Adriamycin is a chemotherapeutic drug that binds to DNA and blocks messenger RNA synthesis. Explain why this drug is fatal to a cell. Answer: When adriamycin blocks mRNA synthesis, it also blocks further protein synthesis in those cells. These cells cannot synthesize additional proteins (structural or enzymatic) that they might need. They will soon be unable to function, and they will die. Level: 2 205. Lysosomes remove nonfunctional cell parts. Explain how this function is important to the overall health of the cell. Answer: Nonfunctional cell parts take up valuable space in the cell.They are also composed of molecules that the cell might be able to recycle. It is healthier for the cell to be able to eliminate these nonfunctional parts and possibly reuse some of the molecular components of those parts. Level: 2 206. The cell is compartmentalized by the presence of organelles. What advantage does compartmentalization give to the cell? Answer: Compartmentalization enables cells to specialize internally. By partitioning the interior o f a cell, different functions can be undertaken in different structured compartments within the same cell.This property allows cells to do more than one thing. Level: 2 207. Describe the relationship among ribosomes, ER, the Golgi apparatus, and exocytosis. Answer: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. Some of the proteins have leader sequences on them, which allow them to be inserted into the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticula to which the ribosomes are attached. The proteins can travel in the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where they can be modified and packaged for secretion. Vesicles break off from the flattened membranous sacs of the Golgi apparatus.Some of the vesicles carry proteins to the plasma membrane, where the proteins can be secreted from the cell by exocytosis. Level: 2 208. You work for the I. M. the Best Drug Company. Your latest assignment is to design a drug that interferes with translation in cells. You decide the easiest way to do this is to have your drug target those organelles and molecules involved in translation. List the potential targets of your new drug. Answer: Potential targets include: large and small ribosomal subunits, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, any enzyme needed in translation. Level: 2

Free Essays on Bring Things Home

The Colonizer and the Colonized The colonial system that emerged from the Imperialist expansions of the European powers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries seemed, to Europeans, to be a undeniable fact. The status quo could be maintained, and the hegemony of the white industrialized nations would be maintained. Yet by the twentieth century, the system began to crumble; an example of this collapse is presented in Pontecorvo's Battle of Algiers. This film represents the final hours of the colonial system, being destroyed by the revolt of the colonized as predicted by Albert Memmi's The Colonizer and the Colonized. But the end of the colonial system does not mitigate the damage done by the years of European rule. The Algerians, unable to assimilate, turn to revolution and violence which the French are only too willing to return. Thus the vicious cycle of mutual degradation and hate predicted by Memmi continues. Memmi concludes that there are two options available for a colony: assimilation or rebellion. The former is impossible because of the colonizer will not allow the destruction the abject colonized population, so the situation that all too often occurs, as in Battle of Algiers, is the latter. Yet Pontecorvo presents the unattainable choice between assimilation and rebellion. As the three women are preparing to bomb civilian targets in the heart of European Algiers, they dye their hair, remove their veils, and create as far as possible the illusion of being ``white.'' Memmi claims that ``the first ambition of the colonized is to become equal to that splendid [European] and to resemble him to the point of disappearing in him'' (Memmi 120). While the terrorists are successful in creating the illusions of being European, they are not assimilated. The French work against them to prevent integration into French culture - the checkpoints consciously remind them of their place, making their usurped identity more of a cr... Free Essays on Bring Things Home Free Essays on Bring Things Home The Colonizer and the Colonized The colonial system that emerged from the Imperialist expansions of the European powers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries seemed, to Europeans, to be a undeniable fact. The status quo could be maintained, and the hegemony of the white industrialized nations would be maintained. Yet by the twentieth century, the system began to crumble; an example of this collapse is presented in Pontecorvo's Battle of Algiers. This film represents the final hours of the colonial system, being destroyed by the revolt of the colonized as predicted by Albert Memmi's The Colonizer and the Colonized. But the end of the colonial system does not mitigate the damage done by the years of European rule. The Algerians, unable to assimilate, turn to revolution and violence which the French are only too willing to return. Thus the vicious cycle of mutual degradation and hate predicted by Memmi continues. Memmi concludes that there are two options available for a colony: assimilation or rebellion. The former is impossible because of the colonizer will not allow the destruction the abject colonized population, so the situation that all too often occurs, as in Battle of Algiers, is the latter. Yet Pontecorvo presents the unattainable choice between assimilation and rebellion. As the three women are preparing to bomb civilian targets in the heart of European Algiers, they dye their hair, remove their veils, and create as far as possible the illusion of being ``white.'' Memmi claims that ``the first ambition of the colonized is to become equal to that splendid [European] and to resemble him to the point of disappearing in him'' (Memmi 120). While the terrorists are successful in creating the illusions of being European, they are not assimilated. The French work against them to prevent integration into French culture - the checkpoints consciously remind them of their place, making their usurped identity more of a cr...

Interacting Galaxies - Galaxy Mergers and Collisions

Interacting Galaxies - Galaxy Mergers and Collisions Galaxies are the largest single objects in the universe. Each one contains upwards of trillions of stars in a single gravitationally bound system. While the universe is extremely large, and many galaxies are very far apart, it is actually quite common for galaxies to group together in clusters. Its also common for them to collide with each other. The result is the creation of new galaxies. Astronomers can trace the construction of galaxies as they collided throughout history, and now know that this is the main way galaxies are built.  Ã‚   Theres a whole area of astronomy devoted to the study of colliding galaxies. The process not only affects the galaxies themselves, but astronomers also observe that starbirth is often triggered when galaxies merge together.   Galaxy Interactions Large galaxies, like the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy, came together as smaller objects collided and merged. Today, astronomers see smaller satellites orbiting nearby both the Milky Way and Andromeda. These dwarf galaxies have some of the characteristics of larger galaxies, but are on a much smaller scale and can be irregularly shaped.  Some of the companions are being cannibalized by our galaxy.   The Milky Ways largest satellites are called the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. They seem to be orbiting our galaxy in a billions-of-years-long orbit, and may not actually ever merge with the Milky Way. However, they are affected by its gravitational pull, and may only be approaching the galaxy for the first time. If so, there still could be a merger in the distant future. The shapes of Magellanic clouds have been distorted by that, causing them to appear irregular. Theres also evidence of large streams of gas being pulled from them into our own galaxy.   Galaxy Mergers Large-galaxy collisions do occur, which create huge new galaxies in the process. Often what happens is that two large spiral galaxies will merge, and due to the gravitational warping that precedes the collision, the galaxies will lose their spiral structure. Once the galaxies are merged, astronomers suspect that they form a new structure known as an elliptical galaxy. Occasionally, depending on the relative sizes of the merging galaxies, an irregular or peculiar galaxy  is a result of the merger. Interestingly, while galaxies themselves may merge, the process doesnt always hurt the stars they contain. This is because while galaxies do have stars and planets, theres a LOT of empty space, as well as giant clouds of gas and dust. However, colliding galaxies that do contain a large amount of gas enter a period of rapid star formation. Its usually much greater than the average rate of star formation in a non-colliding galaxy. Such a merged system is known as a starburst galaxy; aptly named for a large number of stars that are created in a short amount of time as a result of the collision. Merger of the Milky Way With the Andromeda Galaxy A close to home example of a large galaxy merger is the one that will occur between the Andromeda galaxy with our very own Milky Way. The result, which will take millions of years to unfold, will be a new galaxy.   Currently, Andromeda is about 2.5 million light-years away from the Milky Way. Thats about 25 times as far away as the Milky Way is wide. This is, obviously quite a distance, but is quite small considering the scale of the universe.  Hubble Space Telescope data suggests that the Andromeda galaxy is on a collision course with the Milky Way, and the two will begin to merge in about 4 billion years. Heres how it will play out. In about 3.75 billion years, the Andromeda galaxy will virtually fill the night sky. At the same time, it and the Milky Way will start warping due to the immense gravitational pull each will have on the other. Ultimately the two will combine to form a single, large elliptical galaxy. It is also possible that another galaxy, called the Triangulum galaxy, which currently orbits Andromeda, will also participate in the merger.  The resulting galaxy might be named Milkdromeda, if anybody is still around to be naming objects in the sky.   What Will Happen to Earth? Chances are that the merger will have little effect on our solar system. Since most of Andromeda is empty space, gas, and dust, much like the Milky Way, many of the stars should find new orbits around the combined galactic center. That center may have as many as three supermassive black holes until they, too, merge.   The greater danger to our solar system is the increasing brightness of our Sun, which will eventually exhaust its hydrogen fuel and evolve into a red giant. That will start to happen in about four billion years. At that point, it will engulf Earth as it expands. Life, it seems, will have died out long before any kind of galaxy merger takes place. Or, if were lucky, our descendants will have figured out a way to escape the solar system and find a world with a younger star.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.